Storage and Distribution
Praj Hipurity Systems Limited specializes in designing the storage & distribution system which preserves the water quality as received at the outlet of EDI or a WFI generation until it is drawn from point of use. Our in house tank fabrication facility, electro-polishing facility, use of tubes & fittings with complete traceability are the pillars which help us deliver the quality product.
Applications
These days our customers are preferring potable water loops to be designed in alignment with purified water or water for injection configurations.
- Potable Water
- Purified Water
- Water For Injection
Key aspects considered in design and component selection
- Optimal balance of tank capacities and tank turnover
- Line Size & Pump flow selection – with peak load analysis & load pattern, total consumption, return line velocity maintained as per USP guidelines
- The system should not give away any of its material of construction to PW or WFI
- Zero Stagnation
- 100 % drainability
- Design of Sanitization to cover each and every area in the system
- Minimal Deadleg (generally <2D)
- All joints either sanitary tri-clover or orbitally welded. Use of Borescope/Videoscopy or Radiography as per clients acceptance criteria.
Purified & WFI Storage & distribution systems comprise of following
Storage Tank
Stainless steel construction SS316L with electro-polishing and surface finish ranging from 0.6 to 0.38 Ra depending on the end application. Tanks are designed with plain of jacketed construction
Recirculation System
Cold, Warm & Hot Standby with auto changeover of pumps becoming more prevalent in 24 x 7 operating plants
Distribution Piping
Specialized tubes and fittings with ASTM A270 SS316L or ASME BPE Stamped material, Electro-polished to finish ranging 0.5 Ra to 0.38 Ra
Point of Use Valves
Zero Dead Leg Y Type, Block Valves, Block Valves with integrated sampling port configuration as per the application needs
Instrumentation & Controls
PLC or DCS based configurations coupled with suitable data acquisition system making system compliant with 21 CFR Part 11 & GAMP5 complying with Global Pharmacopoeia requirements
Sanitization of the loops
hot water sanitisable (@85℃), pure steam sterilisable (@121℃), ozone sterilisable configurations designed as per application and client requirements
Storage and Distribution


Design code : ASME Sec VIII Div, ASME BPE Guidelines
Configurations : Plain, Insulated, Jacketed or Limpeted design configurations.
MOC : SS316L & SS304
Internal Surface : Mechanically polished followed by ‘Electropolishing’
Surface finish : From < 0.5 Ra to < 0.38 Ra (SF4 Finish as per ASME BPE Code)
Non Destructive Testing : DPT & Radiography as per quality plan
Design Conditions : Atmospheric or Full Vacuum Design
End Types : Torispherical Dished End to ensure drain ability

Once the water reaches Purified Water Quality or WFI quality, stagnation is not desired and therefore a Pharmaceutical Water System is always kept in recirculation 24 x 7 x 365 days.
In purified water and WFI applications, the water is kept in recirculation in entire loop 24 x 7. Following are the features of Praj Hipurity Systems Limited designed recirculation systems
- Skid Mounted, modular in design
- Consists of a recirculation pump
- Standby pump: Recirculation pump with a standby arrangement
- Duty condition: 24 x 7
- Inlet & Outlet Piping: SS316L electro polished tube
- Instruments: Conductivity Sensors, Flow Transmitters, Pressure Gauges
- Valves: Diaphragm Valves
- Sanitization: Hot Water Sanitization at 85°C or Pure Steam Sanitization at 121 °C
Praj Hipurity Systems Limited is using SS316L Electropolished tubes for distribution piping – tubes and fittings for all sanitary piping which includes distribution piping. Praj Hipurity Systems Limited can offer various surface finishes deploying in house Electro-polishing facility. Generally for PW and WFI surface finish mechanically polished followed by electropolishing.
Size Selection – distribution piping is sized based on the following inputs from our customerss
- Peak Load (Consumption) of PW or WFI
- Duration and variability of consumption throughout the day
- Total Consumption
- Minimum return line velocity to be maintained in the return line
Joint Finishing
All the joints in distribution piping are orbitally welded (fusion welding) which does not require filler wire. PHS is following ASME BPE guideline for welding procedure followed withing PHS facility as well as at for field piping which is done at the site.
Drainability
The pipes are installed at a slope to enable draining of water at the nearest point (drain valve/sampling valve/POU valve as per site condition) when the loop is stopped.


Conventional Zero Dead Leg
- Invest Cast Body
- SS316L, EP
- Manual/Auto
- User port size same as header size
- Requires Orifice for flow control at outlet

Block Body Valves (3 Way)
- Machined Block Body
- SS316L, EP
- Manual/Auto
- User port customizable as per desired flow rate
- Lower Pressure Drop & Zero Deadleg

Block Body Valves (With Integrated Sampling Port)(4 Way)
- Machined Block Body
- SS316L, EP
- Manual/Auto
- User port customizable as per desired flow rate
- Sampling valve is integrated into block body
Pharmacopoeia around the globe is laying importance and reliance on ‘Process Analytical Technology’. At one point in time Pharma companies used to release PW or WFI based on daily sampling analysed offline in the laboratory. Fast forward to today, excluding microbial analysis rest all the parameters are monitored online thereby enabling on the spot decision on releasing water for production activities or disallowing the same based on parametric deviation observed
Praj Hipurity Systems Limited is aligned with global instrumentation OEMs to provide best in class analytical instrumentation and controlled integrated with PLC based or DCS based control systems.
PLC Based Control Systems: Majority of the industrial systems are PLC based operated using Human Machine Interface (HMI). These are robust systems which can be integrated with any Data Acquisition technologies available.
21 CFR Part 11 & GAMP5 Compliance: Pharmacopoeia is laying emphasis on increased safety for consumers and thereby reflecting into stringent data integrity, audit trail and validation requirements specified in 21 CFR Part 11 Compliance of US Pharmacopoeia or equivalent specifications globally. PHS systems are compliant with 21 CFR and GAMP5 requirements to enable our customers to comply with regulatory requirements enabling smoother qualification and audit compliances.
Distributed Control Systems (DCS): Praj Hipurity Systems Limited has experience in integrating the water systems with DCS controllers. For a large number of systems involved DCS controlled systems becomes a very advanced solution. This has distinguished advantages over PLC based systems as below –
Pros
- Centralized operation and control
- Reduced local PLC hardware
- Validation of equipment is easier during initial setup and also during ---subsequent changes in equipment or modifications
- Centralized user management, access control, administrative hierarchy
- Easier compliance with 21 CFR Part 11, GAMP5 and any of the regulatory requirements
- Better lifecycle management and upgrades of hardware & software Highly suitable in multiple equipment scenario
Cons
- Higher Capex investment compared to conventional PLC-based systems
PHS Advantage
- Being turnkey designer & manufacturer of process solutions as well as water solution, PHS can envision plant level integration requirement and suggest a solution
- Praj Hipurity Systems Limited has experience with world-class DCS automation vendor partners on some of the marquee projects
Sanitization/Disinfection/Sterilization
- Sanitization 3 log reduction
- Disinfection 3+ log – 5+ log reduction
- Sterilization 6 log reduction
Heat
- One of the most reliable methods of sanitization/disinfection of water systems above 65˚ C
- Hot Water Sanitization: 85°C
- Pure Steam Sterilization : 121°C
- Superheated Loop Sterilization: 121°C

Ozone – Electrolytic (Water-Based)
- Produced easily
- Leaves no residue
- Materials compatibility

Loop Sanitization

Single Generation- Single Tank Configuration

- Most prevalent configuration – single production facility is fed by dedicated loop which is filled by common generation system
Single Generation- Multiple tank design

- Most common configuration when multiple production areas are to be fed using same generation system.
- Priority filling of the tanks can be programmed to ensure high priority area loop gets water whenever required without starving
Common Tank with feeding two loops

- Suitable when space constraint is there and multiple tanks cannot be housed in the same area
- When system undergoes sanitization both loops need to be sanitized together and both production areas need to be stopped
Mother Loop Child Loop

- Single mother loop can feed to single or multiple child loops
- Individual loop can be sanitized independently
- Suitable when single facility houses multiple product lines/suits/production blocks
Hot Distribution Loop

- Hot loop eliminates possibility of microbial /biofilm buildup however involves high operating cost due to continuous heating requirement. At each point of use the water may also have to be cooled before consumption
The sterile manufacturing process in Pharmaceutical and Biopharma applications require pure steam for sterilization of equipment or for products (Terminal Sterilizers). Thus pure steam distribution becomes an essential part of clean utilities. It involves –
The Header
for carrying generated pure steam by maintaining the flow/temperature/steam properties up to user point drops. Also acts as a small buffer between generation and consumption points
User Point Drops
carry steam to point of use valve. Design of drops is dependent on the type of equipment consuming steam and its required flow rates which defines drop line sizing.
The Material of Construction
since pure steam is required for sterilization needs generally preferred MOC is SS316L with electropolishing & passivation for durability. Gaskets/Diaphragms are generally Viton or PTFE to endure more than 121 Deg C
Slopes & Condensate Drain Points
for effective pure steam distribution it is essential to maintain the headers/drops at slopes to enable carrying of condensate to nearest condensate trap. Condensate drain traps are spaced at specific intervals to enable effective drainage of condensate and avoid accumulation/flooding which can result in temperature drops and sterilization process interference